IELTS Writing Task 1 · Line Graph
Line graphs: template, trend vocabulary, sentence structures, models and 10 practice outlines
Line Graph là gì? · What is a line graph?
Mô tả sự thay đổi theo thời gian. Trọng tâm: xu hướng tổng thể, giá trị đầu – cuối, đỉnh – đáy, dao động, giao nhau.
It shows change over time: overall trends, start and end values, peaks and lows, fluctuations and crossing points.
Các biến thể · Variants
| Biến thể | Chiến lược chia Body | Luyện ở |
|---|---|---|
| 1 đường, nhiều mốc · 1 line | Chia Body theo giai đoạn (vd. tăng đến 2010 / giảm sau 2010) | Outline 1 |
| 2–4 đường, xu hướng khác nhau | Body 1: nhóm tăng · Body 2: nhóm giảm / ổn định | Outline 2, 4, 5, 7 |
| Nhiều đường (5+) | Gộp các đường có hành vi giống nhau; chỉ nêu số của đường tiêu biểu | Outline 8 |
| Có điểm giao nhau · Crossing | Nêu rõ năm đảo chiều: A overtook B in 2015 | Outline 2, 5, 7, 10 |
| Có dữ liệu dự báo · Projection | Quá khứ: past simple · Tương lai: is projected / expected to | Outline 9, 10 |
Quy trình T-O-G-D trong 3 phút · 3-minute analysis
- T – Type & Tense: 1 đường hay nhiều đường? Có dự báo không? → chọn thì.
- O – Overview: tìm 2 đặc điểm lớn nhất: xu hướng chung + cao nhất / thay đổi lớn nhất / điểm giao.
- G – Group: chia 2 nhóm cho Body 1 và Body 2 (theo xu hướng, theo nhóm mức độ, hoặc theo giai đoạn).
- D – Data: khoanh số liệu đầu – cuối – đỉnh – đáy – điểm giao. Không mô tả từng năm.
Lỗi cần tránh · Common mistakes
Template chuẩn 4 đoạn · Standard template
160–190 từ · 20 phút. Mỗi đoạn có nhiệm vụ riêng.
Four paragraphs, each with one clear job.
| Đoạn | Độ dài | Nhiệm vụ |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction | 20–30 từ | Paraphrase đề: loại biểu đồ + WHAT + WHERE + WHEN |
| 2. Overview | 30–45 từ | 2 câu khái quát: xu hướng chung + đặc điểm nổi bật. Không số liệu chi tiết |
| 3. Body 1 | 50–60 từ | Nhóm 1: số liệu đầu – cuối – đỉnh – đáy, có so sánh |
| 4. Body 2 | 50–60 từ | Nhóm 2: tương tự, dùng từ nối tương phản / tương đồng |
Khung bài điền chỗ trống · Fill-in template
Intro. The line graph illustrates [changes in / the number of …] [in place] between [Y1] and [Y2].
Overview. Overall, [A and B] saw an upward trend, whereas [C] declined over the period. It is also noticeable that [A] overtook [B] to become the highest by [year] / [C] remained the lowest throughout.
Body 1. In [Y1], [A] stood at [X], compared with [Y] for [B]. Over the following [n] years, this figure rose [steadily] to [X], before peaking at [X] in [year]. [B] followed a similar pattern, increasing from [X] to [Y].
Body 2. By contrast, [C] began at [X] and fell [gradually] to [Y] by [year]. [D], meanwhile, fluctuated between [X] and [Y], finishing the period at [Z].
Khung câu theo đoạn · Sentence frames
| Đoạn | Khung câu |
|---|---|
| Intro | The line graph illustrates / compares / shows changes in [subject] in [place] between [year] and [year]. |
| Overview | Overall, [A] increased considerably, whereas [B] declined, and [C] remained relatively stable. [A] overtook [B] to become the highest by the end of the period. |
| Body 1 | [A] rose from [X] in [year] to [Y] in [year], while [B] experienced a more modest increase. |
| Body 2 | In contrast, [C] fell steadily, reaching a low of [X] in [year]. |
| Dự báo | [A] is projected / expected / predicted to reach [X] by [year]. |
Paraphrase Intro nhanh · Quick intro paraphrasing
| Đề gốc | Diễn đạt lại · Paraphrase |
|---|---|
| shows | illustrates · compares · gives information about · depicts |
| the number of | how many … · the figure for · the quantity of |
| the percentage of | the proportion of · the share of · what percentage of |
| in one country | in a particular country · in a certain nation |
| between 2000 and 2020 | from 2000 to 2020 · over the 20-year period from 2000 to 2020 · over two decades |
Từ vựng mô tả xu hướng · Trend vocabulary
Hai cách viết: Động từ + trạng từ hoặc Tính từ + danh từ.
Verb + adverb, or adjective + noun.
1. Language bank
| Ý nghĩa · Meaning | Động từ · Verb | Danh từ · Noun phrase |
|---|---|---|
| Tăng · Rise | rise, increase, grow, climb | a rise / an increase / growth in |
| Tăng mạnh · Rise sharply | surge, soar, rocket | a surge in, a dramatic increase in |
| Giảm · Fall | fall, decline, decrease, drop | a fall / a decline in |
| Giảm mạnh · Fall sharply | plummet, plunge | a sharp drop in |
| Ổn định · Stay the same | remain stable / unchanged, stay constant | a period of stability |
| Chững lại · Stop changing | level off, plateau | a plateau at |
| Dao động · Go up and down | fluctuate (between X and Y) | fluctuations |
| Đạt đỉnh / chạm đáy | peak at, reach a low of, bottom out at | a peak of, a low of |
| Phục hồi · Recover | recover, rebound | a recovery |
| Vượt qua · Overtake | overtake, surpass, exceed | — |
| Bằng nhau · Equal | draw level with, reach the same level as | — |
2. Mức độ thay đổi · Degree of change
| Mức độ | Trạng từ · Adverb | Tính từ · Adjective |
|---|---|---|
| Rất mạnh · very large | dramatically, sharply, rapidly, steeply | dramatic, sharp, rapid, steep |
| Đáng kể · large | significantly, considerably, substantially, markedly | significant, considerable, substantial, marked |
| Vừa, đều · moderate / steady | moderately, steadily, gradually | moderate, steady, gradual |
| Nhẹ · small | slightly, marginally, modestly | slight, marginal, modest |
3. Giới từ với số liệu · Prepositions
| Cấu trúc | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| from X to Y | giá trị đầu và cuối | rose from 20% to 50% |
| by X | lượng thay đổi | rose by 30 percentage points |
| an increase of X | mức tăng | an increase of 30 units |
| stand at / at X | giá trị tại một thời điểm | stood at 40% in 2010 |
| peak at / reach a peak of | đỉnh | peaked at 80% |
| between X and Y | dao động | fluctuated between 10 and 15 |
4. Ước lượng · Approximation
approximately / about / aroundroughlyjust over / just undernearly / almostwell over / well belowa little more than
5. So sánh · Comparison
| Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| whereas / while | A increased steadily, whereas B declined. |
| compared with | The figure stood at 40%, compared with 25% for B. |
| that of / those of | The population of Tokyo was larger than that of Paris. |
| respectively | A and B recorded 30% and 45%, respectively. |
| twice / three times as … as | A was twice as high as B. |
| -fold | a threefold increase |
| the + superlative | The highest figure was recorded in 2020. |
6. Chủ ngữ học thuật – tránh lặp · Academic subjects
the figure forthe number ofthe amount ofthe proportion ofthe percentage ofthe rate ofconsumption / production / expenditure
7. Từ nối · Linking words
| Chức năng | Từ nối |
|---|---|
| Overview | Overall, In general, It is clear that |
| Tương phản · Contrast | By contrast, In contrast, However, Meanwhile, On the other hand |
| Tương đồng · Similarity | Similarly, Likewise, A similar pattern was seen in |
| Thời gian · Time | Over the period, Thereafter, Subsequently, By the end of the period |
| Dự báo · Future | is projected to, is expected to, is predicted to, is set to … by 2040 |
8. Collocations
a steady risea sharp increasea gradual declinea slight dipa marked fallan upward / downward trendreach a peak ofhit a low oflevel off atremain broadly stablefluctuate considerablyrecover slightlynarrow / widen the gapover the period shownby the end of the periodthroughout the period
10 cấu trúc câu mô tả xu hướng · 10 trend structures
Đổi cấu trúc giữa các câu để tăng điểm GRA và tránh lặp.
Vary your structures to raise your Grammar score.
| # | Cấu trúc · Structure | Ví dụ · Example | Band |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S + V + adv + from X (in Y1) to Z (in Y2) | Car sales rose steadily from 2 million in 2000 to 5 million in 2020. | 5.0+ |
| 2 | There was a/an + adj + noun + in + S | There was a dramatic increase in online sales. | 5.0+ |
| 3 | S + experienced / saw / witnessed + adj + noun | Japan experienced a gradual decline in its birth rate. | 5.5+ |
| 4 | [Time] + saw / witnessed + noun + in + S | The following decade saw a sharp fall in coal use. | 6.0+ |
| 5 | After reaching a peak of X in Y, S + V | After reaching a peak of 70% in 2012, the rate declined. | 6.5+ |
| 6 | S + V …, before + V-ing … | The figure climbed to 40%, before levelling off. | 6.5+ |
| 7 | S + V …, reaching / ending at X | Exports grew rapidly, reaching $9 billion in 2019. | 6.5+ |
| 8 | While A + V, B + V | While gas use rose, oil consumption halved. | 6.0+ |
| 9 | A overtook B in Y and remained ahead thereafter | Spain overtook France in 2015 and remained ahead thereafter. | 6.5+ |
| 10 | S + is projected / expected to + V + X by Y | The figure is projected to reach 35% by 2040. | 6.0+ |
Câu Band 7+ · Band 7+ sentences
The figure for A increased steadily from 20% to 50%, before levelling off.
After reaching a peak of 70% in 2012, the proportion declined gradually.
A overtook B in 2015 and remained ahead for the rest of the period.
While A followed an upward trend, B experienced an overall decline.
There was a threefold increase in …, from 2 million to 6 million.
Thực hành nhanh: viết lại câu · Quick rewrite
Viết lại câu theo cấu trúc trong ngoặc, rồi bấm Kiểm tra.
Bài mẫu Band 6.0 – 9.0 · Model answers
Cùng một đề, bốn mức band. So sánh để thấy điều gì nâng band.
One task, four bands: see what lifts the score.
The line graph shows the percentage of people who use the Internet in three countries from 2000 to 2020. Overall, Country A increased and Country B decreased, while Country C was quite stable.
In 2000, the percentage of Internet users in Country A was 20%, which was the lowest. In 2010 it increased to 40% and in 2020 it increased to 70%. This was the highest number in 2020.
Country B was 60% in 2000, which was the highest of the three countries. In 2010 it decreased to 55% and then it decreased again to 40% in 2020. Country C had 30% in 2000. It increase a little to 35% in 2010 and then it stayed the same until 2020.
In conclusion, Country A had the biggest change and Country B had a decrease, but Country C did not change very much.
≈ 155 wordsThe line graph compares the proportion of people using the Internet in three countries, A, B and C, between 2000 and 2020.
Overall, Internet usage grew significantly in Country A, which had the highest figure by the end of the period, whereas it fell in Country B. Country C saw only a small change.
In 2000, only 20% of the population in Country A used the Internet, the lowest figure among the three countries. This figure doubled to 40% in 2010 and then rose sharply to 70% in 2020, overtaking both B and C.
By contrast, Country B started with the highest proportion, at 60%. However, this declined slightly to 55% in 2010 before dropping more noticeably to 40% in 2020. As for Country C, the percentage increased from 30% to 35% in the first ten years and then remained stable until 2020, so it was slightly lower than that of Country B at the end of the period.
≈ 165 wordsThe line graph compares the percentage of people using the Internet in three countries, A, B and C, between 2000 and 2020.
Overall, Internet usage rose sharply in Country A, which overtook the other two countries to record the highest figure by the end of the period. By contrast, the proportion in Country B declined, while Country C saw only modest growth.
In 2000, only 20% of people in Country A used the Internet, the lowest figure of the three. This proportion doubled to 40% over the following decade before climbing steeply to 70% in 2020, making Country A the clear leader.
Country B, by contrast, started with the highest rate, at 60%, but the figure fell slightly to 55% in 2010 and then more noticeably to 40% by 2020, an overall drop of 20 percentage points. Meanwhile, Internet usage in Country C rose marginally from 30% to 35% during the first decade and remained at that level for the rest of the period, leaving it just below the figure for Country B.
≈ 185 wordsThe line graph charts the proportion of the population using the Internet in three countries, labelled A, B and C, over the two decades from 2000 to 2020.
Overall, the three countries followed strikingly different paths: usage in Country A soared, propelling it from last to first place, while the rate in Country B, initially the highest, contracted steadily. Country C, meanwhile, changed only marginally.
At the start of the period, a mere fifth of people in Country A were online, the smallest share of the three. This figure doubled over the next ten years and then accelerated further, reaching 70% in 2020 – a 50-percentage-point gain overall and well ahead of either rival.
Country B presented the opposite picture. Having begun at 60%, three times the figure for Country A, its usage rate slipped to 55% by 2010 and then fell more sharply to 40%. Country C, by comparison, saw a modest rise from 30% to 35% in the first decade, after which it plateaued, ending the period just five points behind Country B.
≈ 175 wordsDữ liệu biên soạn cho mục đích luyện tập · Illustrative data for practice.
Luyện tập & Chấm điểm · Practice and scoring
30 câu trong 4 phần. Chọn đáp án rồi bấm Nộp bài để chấm tự động.
30 questions in 4 parts, auto-marked.
10 Outline luyện viết · 10 practice outlines
Mỗi đề có biểu đồ, phân tích WHAT – WHERE – WHEN, key features, Overview, Body 1 / Body 2 và ngôn ngữ gợi ý. Học viên viết bài 20 phút ngay bên dưới.
Each outline: chart, task analysis, key features, paragraph plan and useful language. Write your essay below in 20 minutes.
WHAT WHERE WHEN · Từ dễ → khó (B1 → C1). Số liệu được biên soạn cho mục đích luyện tập.
Bài tập về nhà · Homework
- Học thuộc Language bank (tab Từ vựng) – viết mỗi động từ thành 2 câu: Verb + adverb và There was + adj + noun.
- Làm tab Luyện tập đến khi đạt ≥ 27/30.
- Viết đủ 4 đoạn cho Outline 1–5 (tuần 1) và Outline 6–10 (tuần 2), mỗi bài ≤ 20 phút, 160–190 từ.
- Mỗi bài dùng ít nhất 5 trong 10 cấu trúc và gạch chân chúng.
- Tự chấm bằng checklist bên dưới, sau đó bấm 📊 Chấm & chữa bài trong tab Outline (mật khẩu do giáo viên cung cấp) và sửa bài theo gợi ý nâng band.
Quy trình 20 phút · 20-minute plan
| Thời gian | Việc cần làm |
|---|---|
| 0–3 phút | T-O-G-D: nhận diện biến thể, thì, đặc điểm chính |
| 3–5 phút | Chia Body, khoanh số liệu đầu – cuối – đỉnh – đáy – điểm giao |
| 5–17 phút | Viết 4 đoạn |
| 17–20 phút | Soát số liệu, đơn vị, thì, chia động từ, đếm từ |